God Versus Man in Sophocles Antigone Essay example -- Antigone essays

God Versus Man in Antigone Throughout Sophocles drama, Antigone, there are many themes that can be traced. unity of the most predominant themes is god versus man, which appears not only in Antigone, but also in many of the classic Greek tragedies written in Sophocles time. Choragos on that point is no happiness where there is no wisdom No wisdom but in submission to the gods. Big words are always punished, And regal men in old age learn to be wise. (158) The quotation above serves as the moral for this tragedy, which includes an illustration of the theme as it was applied to the play. In the drama, Antigone, the theme of the inner struggle between allegiance to human law versus divine law can best be seen through Antigones idolatry for the gods in relation to her actions, Kreons realization of the effects of his selfish pride, and the people of Thebes observations about Kreons decisions. Antigone has the most direct struggles with human law and a hi gh law in the drama, for it is the application of this theme that decides her fate. Faced with the decision to defy the King and properly bury her brother, Polyneices, or leave his body unprepared for remnant as Kreon wished, she chose to obey the wishes of the gods and bury him. At the time of the drama, the Greeks believed that a decent burial was essential for the soul to be at rest. Kreon accused Polyneices of fighting against his own country and forbade all citizens of Thebes to prepare his body. Instead, it was left to decay on the field on which he was killed. When Antigone first hears this news, she immediately reacts by telling her sister, Ismene, that she wants Polyneices soul to be at rest, and th... ...edited by Dudley, Lavinia P. et alii. New YorkAmericana Corporation, 1957. vol. 2. Segal, Charles Paul. Sophocles Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone. In Sophocles A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by doubting Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prent ice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Sophocles. Antigone, Trans. by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald. Adventures in Appreciation/Pegasus Edition. Orlando Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Publishers, 1989.Sophocles In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984. Woodard, Thomas. Introduction. In Sophocles A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Watling, E. F.. Introduction. In Sophocles The Theban Plays, translated by E. F. Watling. New York Penguin Books, 1974.

Rifle Poem :: Poetry Poems

RifleTheres a crack in the air, and Im split by the soundthe moment deadly noneffervescent until its broken by another crack.A long sinuous echo hangs in the air,so physical I might try to wave it by like smoke.Then a third and fourth crack, and Im on my feet,even though shots arent unheard of in hunting season,these rural woods overfull with deer. notwithstanding instead of this,I think of the uneven unpolished grain in the stockof my inaugural rifle, the weight of it on the shoulder,the trigger worn dull with use. That first sighting with the left eyelooking out. wandering through the sights the feel of the boltin the hand as it snapped back, slid forward in its pathand locked, readiness the cartridge as it lifts into the chamber,secured, prepared. A second snap and its released,out into the world where only a second before there was nothing,not even stillness. And because the flood of world returns.

America Needs the Affordable Care Act Essay -- America Needs Obamacar

According to Newsweek, the University Medical Center on average has about $100,000 dollars a month in unpaid doctors visits and trading operations and special procedures this burden gets passed on to the County taxpayer (Johnson). Unpaid bills occur due to people taken to the hospital and all do not have, or have actually poor health insurance. The current process is not fair to anyone, whether one has no health insurance or one who has paid for it. Under the unhurried Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise referred to as Obamacare, signed into justice on March 23, 2010, this requires all Americans to purchase health insurance. The purchase of this care is purchased each individually or through the government market place. The act will lower the cost of insurance on all Americans, and additionally relive pressures matte up at hospitals under the circumstance one does not have health insurance. Similar acts have been passed in states like Massachusetts resulting in high mastery the individual mandate requiring Americans to purchase health insurance is justified and constitutional.The health insurance debate is not new, as there have been numerous practice of law debates, deriving in the law passing when it comes to health care. One of the first people to introduce a government run health care was Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. One of the reasons for bringing the bill forward was due to similar laws being passed in Europe however, the bill never made it to a vote. Representative George H. expose from Rhode Island once stated that he voted against the bill because he did not believe that the federal government had the resources to insure e very(prenominal)one (Fletcher). Also in 1949 Harry Truman proposed his Fair pass out Act including giving aid to farmers, assist s... ...tives-20140118,0,4710689.story.Johnson, Matthew. How Obamacare Will Effect County Taxpayers. Newsday. N.p., 9 Sep 2012. Web. 7 Jan 2014. .King, Paul. Study Shows Who Are The Saf est Drivers in America. Associated Press. N.p., 17 Apr 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2014. .Kolesnikova, Maria. How Romneycare Helped Massachusetts. capital of Massachusetts Globe. N.p., 8 Dec 2012. Web. 2 Jan 2014. .Weber, Joseph. Obamacare Will Destroy America. Fox News. N.p., 31 May 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2014. . America Needs the Affordable Care Act demonstrate -- America Needs ObamacarAccording to Newsweek, the University Medical Center on average has about $100,000 dollars a month in unpaid doctors visits and operations and special procedures this burden gets passed on to the County taxpayer (Johnson). Unpaid bills occur due to people taken to the hospital and either do not have, or have very poor health insurance. The current process is not fair to anyone, whether one has no health insurance or one who has paid for it. Under the diligent Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise referred to as Obamacare, signed into law on March 23, 2010, this requires all Americans to purchase health insurance. The purchase of this care is purchased either individually or through the government market place. The act will lower the cost of insurance on all Americans, and additionally relive pressures snarl at hospitals under the circumstance one does not have health insurance. Similar acts have been passed in states like Massachusetts resulting in high triumph the individual mandate requiring Americans to purchase health insurance is justified and constitutional.The health insurance debate is not new, as there have been numerous law debates, deriving in the law passing when it comes to health care. One of the first people to introduce a government run health care was Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. One of the reasons for bringing the bill forward was due to similar laws being passed in Europe however, the bill never made it to a vote. Representative George H. address from Rhode Island once stated that he voted against the bill because he did not believe that the fe deral government had the resources to insure everyone (Fletcher). Also in 1949 Harry Truman proposed his Fair quite a little Act including giving aid to farmers, assist s... ...tives-20140118,0,4710689.story.Johnson, Matthew. How Obamacare Will Effect County Taxpayers. Newsday. N.p., 9 Sep 2012. Web. 7 Jan 2014. .King, Paul. Study Shows Who Are The Safest Drivers in America. Associated Press. N.p., 17 Apr 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2014. .Kolesnikova, Maria. How Romneycare Helped Massachusetts. capital of Massachusetts Globe. N.p., 8 Dec 2012. Web. 2 Jan 2014. .Weber, Joseph. Obamacare Will Destroy America. Fox News. N.p., 31 May 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2014. .

Lifetime - Television for Women :: Televisaion Media TV

Lifetime - Television for Women Launched on February 1, 1984, Lifetime was created by the merger of Daytime and Cable Health Network. Lifetime was vest Television for women in 1994 and began an ambitious expansion of superior programming and public service initiatives targeted to women. Lifetime is dedicated to providing contemporary, innovative entertainment and information on-air and online that is of particular pertain to women.Lifetime studys its committedness to the expansion of women within three main contributors, which are the Lifetime original movies, Lifetime television series, and Lifetime channels. These three categories bring protrude the point of the Lifetime network and shows exactly what Lifetime strives to achieve, women and making connections.Lifetime television shows feature women in many different aspects of everyday life and how women filtrate to achieve success by overcoming the many obstacles put in their way in their fight to the top. Two of the top tel evision shows on Lifetime include, all day Now, which is about two women with two different lives trying to get through all of life hardships and are bonded by their incredible lifelong friendship. some other top show is Strong Medicine, which is about two women doctors with very different backgrounds and working styles who come together to take on the world of medicine. These television show are perfect examples of the wonderful types of entertainment Lifetime has to offer.Lifetime movies are one of the many unique features of the network. Each month there is a original movie broadcast. All of the movies are stories of courage, triumph, and success. They give all viewers a look at reality and how women can rise above any challenge. in that location are two Lifetime channels besides the basic cable network. There is the Lifetime exposure Network and Lifetime Real Women. The Lifetime Movie channel has movies from a womens perspective and distinctive point of view, movies for and a bout women that connect with who they are and their experiences. The Lifetime Real Women channel is a place where honest, true-to-life(prenominal) stories important to women are told in a heartfelt meaningful way.Lifetime entertainment has proven to be phenomenally successful with strong ratings and high consumer demand. The networks commitment to its viewers has been recognized over and over again by leading womens groups and nonprofit organizations.

Wilderness Survival :: essays research papers

Whether you are simply going camping at a commercialised campground, pickings a short hike, or backpacking into a pristine wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may exit lifesavers. supra all, always let someone know your itinerary and the time you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit bodyOffer(17619)You May Be OwedUnclaimed Money To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35mm hold container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade knife (Preferably serrated on one side of the blade) w/ s heatingh 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 inch is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full canteen 14.Emergency regimen rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hooks and fishing line 17.Police whistle 18.Toilet paper Fire When starting a fire find prohibitionist wood. drop the intimate speak of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very bottom of fir trees. These are dead because they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches pass on in all probability protected them from getting wet. Start your fire low-toned and gradually increase its size. Tinder will greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and tabloid then with a knife or your fingers. You can use dead grass, birds nests, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will ignite speedily. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. erstwhile this is burning, slowly feed your fire with large and larger pieces of wood. Always making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once t his fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter Do not make the mistake of nerve-wracking to work a large shelter. Make it just large enough to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a pit and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly falsehood on the bare ground.Wilderness Survival essays research papers Whether you are simply going camping at a commercial campground, taking a short hike, or backpacking into a pristine wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may become lifesavers. Above all, always let someone know your itinerary and the time you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit bodyOffer(17619)You May Be OwedUnclaimed Money To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35m m film container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade knife (Preferably serrated on one side of the blade) w/ sheath 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 inch is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full canteen 14.Emergency food rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hooks and fishing line 17.Police whistle 18.Toilet paper Fire When starting a fire find dry wood. Use the inner bark of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very bottom of fir trees. These are dead because they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches have probably protected them from getting wet. Start your fire small and gradually increase its size. Tinder will greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and shred then with a knife or your fingers. You can use dead grass, bird s nests, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will ignite quickly. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. Once this is burning, slowly feed your fire with larger and larger pieces of wood. Always making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once this fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter Do not make the mistake of trying to construct a large shelter. Make it just large enough to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a pit and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly lying on the bare ground.

Wilderness Survival :: essays research papers

Whether you are simply going camping at a commercial campground, taking a short hike, or backpacking into a primal wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may become lifesavers. Above all, always let someone know your course and the period you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit bodyOffer(17619)You May Be Owedunclaimed currency To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35mm film container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade prod (Preferably saw-toothed on one side of the blade) w/ sheath 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 go on is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full brush asideteen 14.Emergency food rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hook s and fishing air 17.Police tattle 18.Toilet piece of music Fire When starting a fire find dry wood. Use the inner bark of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very(prenominal) bottom of fir trees. These are dead beca wont they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches have probably protected them from getting wet. Start your fire thin and step by step increase its size. Tinder go out greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and shred then with a knife or your fingers. You can use dead grass, birds nests, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will break out quickly. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. Once this is burning, slowly feed your fire with astronomic and larger pieces of wood. continuously making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once th is fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter Do not make the mistake of trying to construct a large shelter. Make it just large profuse to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a mark off and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly lying on the bare ground.Wilderness Survival essays search papers Whether you are simply going camping at a commercial campground, taking a short hike, or backpacking into a pristine wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may become lifesavers. Above all, always let someone know your itinerary and the time you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit bodyOffer(17619)You May Be OwedUnclaimed Money To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35mm fi lm container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade knife (Preferably serrated on one side of the blade) w/ sheath 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 inch is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full canteen 14.Emergency food rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hooks and fishing line 17.Police whistle 18.Toilet paper Fire When starting a fire find dry wood. Use the inner bark of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very bottom of fir trees. These are dead because they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches have probably protected them from getting wet. Start your fire small and gradually increase its size. Tinder will greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and shred then with a knife or your fingers. You can use dead grass, birds ne sts, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will ignite quickly. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. Once this is burning, slowly feed your fire with larger and larger pieces of wood. Always making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once this fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter Do not make the mistake of trying to construct a large shelter. Make it just large enough to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a pit and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly lying on the bare ground.

Mass Marketing Is Dead

Mass market advertising was once an effective selling tool. The superstar product suits all approach had its heyday and is now declining. Hallerman (2006) wrote that in an American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) survey, only 28.7% of respondents now believe that untargeted advertising allow for be very effective by 2010. The survey is validating the consensus that push-d stimulate storage marketing is dead. Increasingly, business leaders, marketing and advertising practitioners are looking at niches, market seg workforcets and separate audiences as targets.Emergence of Mass MarketingAccording to Lake (2007), marketing is the systematic conduct of business activities to result in a mutually advantageous exchange of products between buyers and sellers. It started off from the gross revenue techniques used by traders and the promotional methods of skilled artisans. Mass marketing is a marketing approach in which the marketer addresses all segments of the market as tho ugh they are the same. It refers to the treatment of the market as a homogenous group and offering the same marketing mix to all customers. (Market Segmentation. n.d.)Companies that employment this strategy expect to generate profits through with(predicate) economies of scale. Marketing, particularly atomic pile marketing, became a discipline as we know it today afterwards the emergence of (1) the mass production of goods (2) channels of mass diffusion of products and (3) media for mass conference.Mass marketing required a mass supply of goods and the Industrial rotary motion facilitated reaching greater volumes of production. late technologies engendered better machinery and production processes. Large quantities of products could now be manufactured at dismay costs. This placed the goods within the reach of a greater number of consumers. It make little business-sense to encourage the purchase en masse shot of a product if such product was non-existent or non readily ava ilable for transfer to the buyer.The mass production of goods would have been, however, useless if the products did not reach the consumers. Again, the Industrial Revolution helped bring this forth. The invention of the steam engine led to the establishment of railways that brought the products en masse to distant markets at cheaper rates. Essentially, the railways brought isolated communities closer. Where before, produce of the area could only be sold within the locality, these may now be transported to and sold in far-away areas through the railway system.Now that products are easily reaching distant markets, their existence had to be brought to the attention of potential buyers. The message that products were available for purchase affordably had to be communicated. Again, the Industrial Revolution helped realize this. First, the Gutenberg press allowed the wide-scale dissemination of information through bran- publishers. Later on, we had the radio, television ( post and cable) and the internet.Of course, mass marketing did not magically emerge as soon as the objective condition of having mass production, mass distribution and mass colloquy existed. The subjective element had to exist. Entrepreneurial vision, drive, organization and resources had to implement the strategy. (Meyer and Dailey. n.d.)A classic example for mass marketing would be Henry Fords Model T car. Ford adopted mass production techniques and standardized output that resulted in lower costs. To generate demand for the Model T, it marketed as an automobile that would meet the needs of all buyers at an inexpensive price.Changing Consumer DemandA big impetuous for mass marketing came after the close of the Second World War. The war effort resulted in increased production capacity, new technology and most importantly, increased demand.A large segment of men went into the military service during the war. Women replaced them in the production of goods. Factories that used to produce consumer goods shifted towards producing weaponry and other resources needed to fight the war. This resulted in full employment of the labor rive with greater spending capacity. However, due to the war and the limited supply of consumer goods, spending was curtailed and incomes were saved. According to McCann (1995), there was high pent-up demand when the war was over and the men re trolled home. Mass demand for consumer products logically followed this pent-up demand considering that the populace had wealth to spend.The new production capacity and improvements in electronics resulted in inexpensive radio and affordable television set. Households easily got hold of radio and television sets giving manufacturers a channel through which they may address the consumers. An almost universal audience for the manufacturers tack was created.Bianco, et al. (2004) wrote the United States was far more uniform not only in terms of ethnicity but also of aspiration in the 1950s and 1960s. The ideal was to own the same model of car or lawnmower or products as the Joneses, or at least ones neighbors. This changed in the 1970s and 1980s due to greater affluence. From I want to be normal, says McDonalds Light, it became I want to be special. (Bianco, et al., 2004)Multiplicity of communication MediaThe development and widespread use of printed text in europium in the1500s produced a brand new form of communication. A single message could now be duplicated with little error and distributed to thousands of people. (Tutorial Mass Communication. n.d.) McCann (1995), however, said that it was broadcast media that served as the cornerstone of mass marketing.Print media is usually read by individuals even though a standard message may be printed in each copy. Broadcast media, on the other hand, can create a monolithic eyeball millions of consumers tuned in to a single program. By its nature, broadcast media was for a long time a very viable channel for marketing. Bianco, et al (2004) repor ted that an advertiser in the 1960s could reach 80% of U.S. women by airing simultaneously on CBS, NBC and ABC a commercial spot.However, the hegemony of mass media in influencing consumers has diminished. Business competition and technological advances have resulted in a alter mass media environment. We have the giant broadcast networks and a multitude of narrowcast cable TV stations. A Nielsen Media Research reported that the average U.S. household receives 100 TV channels in 2004 compared to only 27 in 1994. (Bianco, et al. 2004)Traditional broadcast media is also being affected by new media technologies. The internet has opened a new channel for marketing and is increasingly affecting advertising revenues traditional mass media. In fact, we now have an online version of almost every television station, newspaper and clipping.The internet has also allowed a democratization of mass communication. Now, every person can send out his message through blogs, personal websites and onl ine forum. This in turn creates even more niches that the mass marketer must consider and contend with. Each website can potentially promote or demote a consumer good.Where the communication flow through traditional mass media channels was one-way, new media allowed interactivity. Readers or viewers can interact with the source of information being viewed. A blogger establishes a regular audience by addressing special interests. As with online forums, viewers are encouraged to respond.Current technology now also allows the consumer to by-pass even the most targeted advertising that a marketer may come up with. Personal television set recorders are allowing consumers to watch a program when they want to. This has increased television viewing. Research, however, shows that personal video recorders were used to skip about 70% of ads. (Bianco, et al. 2004)SummaryThe same elements that gave rise to mass marketing are tearing it apart. Technological advances brought forth mass production , mass distribution and mass communication. The ordinary consumer is faced with tons of consumer goods. Production techniques now allow mass production of custom products. Automobiles can now be produced in incompatible styles, color, and accessories preferred by the consumer with minimal disruption in the assembly and at little additional cost.Products and consumer goods can now be easily distributed. Shipping of consumer goods is approachable to all. Individual sellers can easily sell and ship products as shown by the success of such online auction site as eBay. More importantly, information and communication technology has developed to the extent that access to information can not be limited. This allows consumers to be more discriminating.Mass marketing is a thing of the past. Mass marketing requires a mass market, a single market without differentiation. In fact, M. Lawrence Light, McDonalds global chief marketing officer said that the mass market never genuinely existed. It was just that the available technologies of the past did not allow companies to reach the individual markets that existed then. (Marketing in the Age of I. 2004) While the world has grown little due to technological advances, it has magnified the diversity of consumers. Disparate communities are brought closer but proximity does not always translate into homogeneity.Since advances in technology will enable better data gathering, marketers will also be better at connecting with consumers. The marketing message can be refined to the point that it is not intrusive or invasive. According to James Stengel, Procter Gambles global marketing officer, the future of marketing will be oriented to permission marketing wherein marketing and advertising will be welcomed by consumers because they are viewed as relevant. (Bianco, et al. 2004) This, however, can no longer be done through mass marketing.ReferencesBianco, A., Lowry, T., Berner, R., Arndt, M., and Grover, R. The Vanishing Market. Bus inessWeek (July 12, 2004). kinsfolk 28, 2007. http//www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_28/b3891001_mz001.htmHallerman, David. June 16, 2006. The Death of Mass Marketing eMarketer looks at the rise of ad targeting. kinfolk 28, 2007. http//www/imediaconnection.com/content/10063.aspLake, Laura. n.d. Marketing vs. Advertising Whats the residuum? September 28, 2007. http//marketing.about.com/cs/advertising/a/marketvsad.htmMarket Segmentation. n.d. September 29, 2007. http//www.netmba.com/marketing/market/segmentation/Marketing in the Age of I. BusinessWeek (July 12, 2004). September 28, 2007. http//www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_28/b3891011_mz001.htmMcCann, John M. March 10, 1995. The Changing Nature of Consumer Goods Marketing Sales. September 28, 2007. http//www.duke.edu/mccann/cpg/cg-chg.htmMeyer, Earl C. and Dailey, Lori A. n.d. Mass Marketing. September 29, 2007. http//www.answers.com/topic/mass-marketing?cat=biz-finTutorial Mass Communication. n.d. September 29, 2007. http//www.rdillman.com/HFCL/TUTOR/Media/media2.html

Sociology Couples and Equality Paper

Sociology Using material item B and elsewhere, assess the view that situations and relationships among couples are be coming more peer. To assess comparison in the midst of couples roles within a family over time we must comprehend power distri thation and human psychological science that exists within a couples relationship. We must do this in order to understand why each role has been distri thoed between the two partners the male and the female.And henceforth between comparison of senileer studies and newer studies we dejection derive a pattern of progression or regression in the par among couples. One of the roles that endure been distributed between couples is home base chores. Ann Oakley, a feminist (1975) came to the understanding that the housewife, a interactd role, was earnd by industrialisation. She discovered this when she researched middle and working class couples and their scale of equality working class participants had less(prenominal) equality on add up compared to middle class participants.This occurred as the higher(prenominal) the class the higher you are in the power hierarchy and those with power had the expertness to restrain a better life for themselves and the people they cared ab issue. The better the life the healthier the relationship, caused by positive and cooler mind sets, which thus leads on to join conjugal roles where neither partner wants to upset the happiness that exists between them. Also in the higher classes friendship circles are very close were all the husbands would socialise together and so would the wifes leading to give voice conjugal roles Bott (1957).The working class participants as manpowertioned before had little equality plane though the men could make the difference by refreshing otherwisewise standard attitudes of ignorance and influence of the housewife. The housewife being the idea that childcare and housework are defined as female roles ( souvenir B). The power hierarchy triangle , u sing my chained analysis, can be used as a life standard scale then withal a healthy relationship scale then furthermore an equality scale were on average there is small equality.To criticise Ann Oakley she did not assess the difficulty of paid work for men in those times as men did have to endure a large marrow of state when undergoing mental and physical tasks, when using emotional influence to excel their career and to say the least making sure his family didnt end up on the streets (welfare and benefits were minuscule). This research if done could tip the scales of equality in this era. Also in those times women didnt expect to be treated equally the idea of the housewife was passed follow by dint of from mother to daughter in order for their daughter and her children after to be sufficient to excel in the class system.So can we really criticise the dissimilarity that men created if the teaching of being the housewife were being passed down by women. Newer studies of the household chore from the British social attitudes survey (1997) showed an increase in the equality between husband and wife where men would contribute to domestic work march of progress. But all the same the men are liquid the nonage when it comes to the roughly responsible figure in the household. Which suggests the ideology of the housewife is still present and so the symmetrical family is still an idea society is fighting for old habits die hard.In comparison of two research studies I mold that the idea of the housewife is still present hindering the chances of equality/the symmetrical family. But equality between couples has developed/progressed as we settle men are taking part in more domestic work/household chores. The second fictitious character of role that takes part within the family is childcare. Boulton (1983) wrote a book On Being a Mother and it discusses how men do look after the children but in their own benefits and didnt actually take primary responsibility. In example a mother would need help looking after the children as she had a huge derive of domestic work to tend to so the father would take the children out for ice cream the mother would neer be able to do that because shes evermore busy and the father gets to go out for pleasure. In this case the children spend time with the father not because the father has the responsibility but because the mother, the primary carer, could not tend to them and in the end the father gets to enjoy his time duration the mother is at home putting the family above herself.Theres a vast amount of inequality between the segregated couples which regresses the idea of the symmetrical family. Ferri and smith (1996) had a similar study but on a vast scale and the be that there was hardly any equality between couples in contributing to family roles as the father would have he easier tasks and the women would be the moil in the household. They also found that if women contributed to putting bread on t he circumvent they would still have to contribute to the domestic labour as much as any other women as if it were a privilege to be able to go out and work.This also contributing to the idea that equality between couples has regressed as the large volume of the data concludes that women are overworked by men. Decision making is the third role that is dispersed between the partners and we have that men usually make larger decisions while women keep to the small ones which involve their domestic work. Edgell (1980) found that men made decision on 3 areas that were serious to both partners moving house, finance and cars. man the women would make decision that was important but werent seen as important to both partners e. tonights diner, shopping for food, childrens clothing etc. Due to the unappreciative attitudes each partner gave to the smaller but frequent tasks women undertook the man was considered as the power house where all decisions of and for the household were made. Un derstanding this we can see that equality could not progress because both partners are lead to believe that the smaller more frequent tasks are insignificant causing regression in equality between couples. Backing this educational activity is the second part of Edgells study was half the men and women said equality was a bad thing.We could assume that the man was taking lead on the decision and influencing the wife but most likely they saw each other as incapable of preforming their set tasks. Although there are criticisms of Edgells study coming from another feminist NB Davis (1991) and she has experienced the idea that women can use their abilities of persuasion and power to manipulate and even undermine mens power. If thought about the shot is valid but there is no study to back that statement how do we know that women solitary(prenominal) accept their social status so they can sway the power in their direction.This study was 10 years later and we now have the understanding th at women are capable of tipping the power distribution in their favour which may not be the best way to insure equality but it is effective. Even though this occurs I dont think most women have the capability of subtly controlling men to the point were they have the power and control within the relationship or equal to so I still stand on saying there is a regression in equality between couples. Pahl (1993) in research on the role of finance, the forth role, in a family found the men dominated in controlling the finances of the house.He found that if both couples were in paid work the man controlling the finances were more common and in the least likely of cases only one of the couples would work and that one would control the finances again most likely the man. We see an emerging pattern of men dominance in any case which regresses the idea of equality in distribution of domestic roles. But Pahls study did find equality between men and women in managing the finances (a quarter of the results) which in comparison with industrial times the amount is pretty high as women were judge not to work at all and never to manage finances.So we can actually derive that there has been a progression, however slow, in the equality of men and women. In criticism men are naturally better at mathematics then women it is known in education that boys usually achieve higher in Maths while women usually excell in English so it cant just be based on the idea that men dominate the important tasks of the family linking in with decision making. The fifth but one of the most influential roles for men is the career role someone to put bread on the table. Martins and Roberts (1984) found that men are more likely to take part in domestic labour if the women worked full time. More likely is an indication that even though the women took the role of the man would still be disinclined to take the responsibilities of the woman (54%). Women found it much harder to start and grow a career (Item B) so you would think men would have enough understanding and sympathy for the majority to help out but it wasnt the case. Their second part of the research found that 74% of part time working women took full responsibility for domestic labour. This indicates very low levels of equality in this point in time.To argue Gershuny (1982) found that on average hours spent on conjugal roles for women was less of that of men if the man was in full time work. In older times on average more men were in full time work than women we would see that mens argument of equality would be better weighted than women. Sulvian (1996) found that most men spent their free time socialising and relaxing while women spent most of their free time to housework. This point could tip the scales to show balance between men and women on hours spent on conjugal roles but it really depends on your point of view.Some people would argue that a womens work is never done because they want to create a perfect home not b ecause they need to. I my opinion women do their work out of good lead and because of this progression to the symmetrical family may be hindered. I derived this as women would be less likely to share their conjugal roles with the incapable domestic workers, men. Even with this is opthalmic sensation I see progression in equality amongst couples as Hardill el al (1997) found different data to Martin and Roberts (1984) but found evidence of joint decisions and some movements of equality.On time based judgements I say that career based roles in contribution to conjugal roles between couples are becoming more equal as we see an emergence in joint decisions and shared labour. The sixth and darkest side of the family is the emotion and violence role. Duncombe and Marsden (1995) found evidence to construct the triple suspension theory were in the most unequal situation women would do the domestic labour be in full employment and use their emotional capabilities to create a stable and h appy family.Their research shows that undertaking the role of emotional work is a great responsibility as you must not only understand yourself but the rest of the family too. Not only that because the children are too young to see the problem and, research shows, the father denies it the women gets singled out. Which leads to the inescapable situation the women out of good will try to make sure her family see the problem and because of that she is exposed to domestic violence.Dobash and Dobash (1979) found that out of 137 women 25% of them would receive beatings for poor behaviour. This occurred as they found the power relationship in marriage is unequal between the couples which then affects the later generations understanding of violence within the household due to visual socialisation. They also found that women were incapable of leaving their husbands due to financial dependence so again we find an inescapable situation were women are the victims. If we work through 1979 to 199 5 we find that women found 2 escape routes to equality.One was to gain financial dependence to start careers from young ages and not falling into this oppressed cycle (evidence being Item B current high levels of divorce). The other lead into the second oppressed cycle. By looking at this research and understanding the scientific pattern of natural selection women have learnt to avoid violence/physical confrontation by becoming skilled in working with peoples emotions. Women may not endlessly fall into the second cycle of oppression depending on their skill in emotion and the characteristics of each of the family members.These two routes may not always lead to equality but they lead to greater equality than that of the past showing a progression in equality amongst couples in society. Evaluating these different domestic roles I have found one conclusion on the equality between couples and its course. The symmetrical family is a feasible idea but time has interpreted its toll and p artnerships continue to be unequal (Item B) but with time and understanding of this situation we can progress. In the role of household chores we found slow but gaining rogression in the equality amongst couples most likely caused by guilt as it takes time for the reality to sink in to unravel ignorance and primary socialisation. In the role of childcare we see that regression in equality between couples is predictable as the father likes to take the easy way out not comprehend or denying the problem the mother gets singled out (against fun). So really in this situation the father is the individual that needs to get the progression of equality get running.In the role of decision-making we have seen regression in equality amongst couples this was caused by both partners inability to change for the better were both partners deny the significance of smaller but frequent tasks. In the role of finance we discover that progression is there as men are allowing women to take on careers th ey are more accept to the idea of women managing their own finances and in comparison with other roles this one has most progression in equality. In the role of the bread winner/careers we see an equal amount of progression as that of finance for the same reason (constant reminders of capability).In the role of emotions and violence work we derive with understanding that equality is progressing as women were able to grow and overlook their past. With this understanding women are able to show the error in mens ways and with time ignorance and highly gendered division of labour (Item B) will be a thing of the past and socialisation will work for equality amongst couples. With that being said and the rest of the assessment being considered I can say that roles and relationships amongst couples are becoming more equal because of women.

Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Second Graders Essay

This paper is ge ared toward promoting education of muscular consume habits of second grade students. According to Blais and Hayes, healthy People 2010 define health onward motion as individual and community activities to promote healthful lifestyles. These healthful lifestyles include the improvement of nutrition in America (p.120). The Center for Nutrition Policy and furtherance (CNPP), an organization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has provided the necessary tools to help guide and promote powerful eating habits through conducting research and evidence based analysis in nutrition. husbandry Food Guidance System known as MyPlate, MyPyramid, or the Food Guide Pyramid are used to educate the public and offer cultivation on the recommended nutritional guides on weight management, caloric intake, physical body process, and health tips for particularized ages and health conditions.The Dietary Guidelines of Americans 2010 have set guidelines used to promote healthy eat ing to the American people of all cultures, traditions and socioeconomic background. These guidelines encourage the consumption of nutritional pabulums, which include fresh vegetable and fruit, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat take out and milk products, a variety of protein well-situated foods, which include lean meats, seafood, nuts and legumes (p.46). The emphasis of these principles leave behind be used towards the promotion of health through the development, performance and evaluation of a t distributivelying plan on healthy eating habits to second graders, between the ages of 7-9 in a their classroom setting utilise the MyPlate educational program line tools. Assessment of knowledge NeedsThe second grade instruction root consisted of fourteen children ages 7-9. An interactive class activity was presented using different items whichconsisted of each food class using the MyPlate teaching concept. The children were asked to identify the food item they preferred unheal thy versus the healthy choice. The childrens knowledge on making healthy food choices was assessed at this time. It was assessed that 72% of the children preferred the food item that was unhealthy, while 28% made healthier selections. Although some of the children made healthy choices the majority of the group made unhealthy food selections. Prior to presenting the teaching plan the teacher reviewed the material to assure it would be understood by the second graders. Their developmental level was confirmed to be within the second grader learning ability in communication and understanding.None of the children required special learning require. Two of the children wore corrective lenses, which did not inhibit their ability to participate in the activity. Cultural consideration was assessed by asking the children their race and the different kinds of food that is cooked at home. Two children were multicultural of Hispanic origin and specific food items commonly eaten at home were plac ed into its specific food group. The second graders first language was English. None of the children denotative specific spiritual practices as pertaining to eating habits or customs. The second graders preferred an interactive learning style which included demonstration, answering and asking questions, and coloring activity. The second graders were impatient and expressed eagerness to learn and share the information with their parents. The overall health status of the second graders was good. There were a few that expressed having allergies or respiratory problems.Learner ObjectivesThe learning objectives for the promotion of healthy eating plan are as follows A. Affective Domain The students are go forthing to actively participate by listening and responding to the instructors presentation on healthy eating habits and engage in group activity. B. Cognitive Domain Each student will be able to choose three healthy food items specific for each of the five food groups and describe three ways healthy eating nourishes the body and benefits of staying physically active. C. Psychomotor Domain The students will select and identify the food item that is more beneficial for their health with given activity.Teaching meanThe teaching plan to be implemented includes the following presentation, which incorporates the current lunch menu offered to the students in school A. MyPlate five food group and drink filling was presented and the students are asked to choose which food item is eaten daily unhealthy versus healthy items included 1. Fruit group Selection of fresh fruit (banana, apple, orange strawberries, etc.) or a fruit cup 2. Grain group Selection of French fries, potato chips, cook potato or wheat or white colewort sandwich 3. Vegetable group Selection of fresh carrots, salad, celery or canned carrots, corn 4. Protein group Selection of fried chicken nuggets or baked chicken nuggets, burger or subway sandwich 5. Dairy group Selection of whole milk or low fat milk, cheese or yoghourt 6. Drinks Water, Capri Sun or Juice boxEach individual student will be encouraged to participate and other specific items not listed will be placed in the classified food group in order to address all individual needs. B. MyPlate nutritional guidelines reviewed with the students and open questions answered. 1. The School day just got Healthier article discussion of the 10 tips for Nutrition Education Series includes awareness of healthier school meals for children, inclusion of more fruits and vegetables daily, along with whole-grain rich foods. The offering of a variety of low fat and fat free milk, reducing saturated fats and salt, increase in water intake. Meeting caloric needs through portion sizes, development of wellness programs, making better food choices and resources available to parents. 2. Emphasis on each food group with interactive group participation to name at least three healthy food items of choice 3. Name how healthy eating benefits the b rain, heart and digestion, along with getting at least 60 minutes of exercise daily. C. Students will identify or select the healthier food items offered introduced at the beginning of presentation. 1. Choose MyPlate coloring activity will allow for a visual picture to reinforce the five food groups in a simple manner. 2. Draw three healthy food items on their MyPlate activity sheet. 3. Reinforce healthy eating habits with a take home pamphlet for the parents that describe 10 tips for healthy snacking. Evaluation of Teaching and LearningEvaluation of teaching and learning strategies were accurate, clear and appropriate for the second grade students. The teaching plan was simple and interactive to meet each individual learning need. The health promotion plan and activity outlined can be followed to teach other second grade students the importance of healthy eating habits using the free resources and information available on the website Choosemyplate.gov MyPlate Kids Place. The evalua tion of learner objectives was measured by having the students re-evaluate their previous food item choice and equalize it to the healthier food item. The scores were significantly higher were 92% the students identified and selected healthier food items listed.Open class discussion was used to determine if the teaching strategies used were appropriate for the students. The students expressed understanding and enjoying the class, the activities used and having a parent teaching the class. Positive feedback was given by the teacher present and students. The students were comfortable in their classroom setting, which is the appropriate environment for learning. The health promotion event was successful and effective in educating second grade students on healthy eating habits. The students expressed eagerness to share the resource pamphlet with their parents. The information shared would have been more effective and beneficial if the second graders parents were present, but studies sh ow that second graders are influential in assisting parents make healthy eating choices for them with the information they learn.ReferencesBlais, K. K., & Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice concepts and perspectives (6th ed.), New Jersey Pearson U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010 Jacksonville University College of Health Sciences (2012). School of nursing mission. Retrieved March 25, 2014 from http//www.ju.edu/COHS/Pages/School-of-Nursing-Mission.aspx Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, May 2014. Retrieved from http//health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2010/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf U.S.Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. Color Sheet. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http//www.choosemyplate.gov/kids/downloads/ColoringSheet.pdf U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. School Day Just Got Healthier. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http//www.choosemyplate.gov/foodgroups/downloads/TenTips/DGTipsheet21SchoolDayJustGotHealthier.pdf

The Shock of Enslavement

African rulers began enslaving and selling their own people to Europe and other countries long onward there was such a large demand for slaves in the early 1600s. Enslavement started out as punishment for crimes, but soon became a well-off business for African rulers. English colonists who had a need for cheap labor decided to tap into the slave trade to find affordable plantation workers. Africans were taken against their will, tortured, and dehumanized in preparation for their journey into slavery.Africans of all social ranks ended up on slave ships. Some had been village leaders some already slaves in Africa, members of chiefs families and the educated elite. They were kidnapped, separated from their families, branded like cattle, and made to march in chains to the coast where they would be confined in cages until there were large of them to fill a ship. The slaves then boarded canoes to be ferried to the ships.Many became desperate and decided to jump overboard and drown rath er than be carried off to an unknown destination. The pilot from Africa to North America was a six- to eight-week-long ocean voyage called the Middle Passage. Men were wedged below decks in spaces about 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 30 inches high. Women and children were jam-packed even more tightly. The slaves were forced to stay below decks most of the time where the smell of vomit, blood, and other body fluids grew rancid.Some slaves went insane from the cooped up conditions, and hearing shrieks and groans of wound or dying. Others refused to eat. On many voyages, between 5 and 20 percent of the slaves died from disease and other causes. Those who survived the horrifying voyage endured the humiliation of being sold. Buyers generally like males and often looked for slaves from certain African ethnic groups, believing that some Africans would work harder than others.The process often involved being looked over for signs of disease, including being poked and prodded. Many fr ight Africans thought they were going to be eaten. Being a slave in early American times would have been a horrible way to live. unless that seems mild compared to the actual process of becoming a slave and enduring the horrific voyage overseas to America. We can only hope that time has cured some of the pain and suffering caused to all generations and races that have been enslaved throughout the years.Works CitedDavid Goldfield et al.(2009) The American Journey a history of the United States, p.68-71 The Wikimedia Foundation (2010) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Passage

Business Applications quiz

The Dutton turns open windows transparent to reveal the desktop, letting you B) Show desktop C) gleam D) Display desktop 5. To turn off the computer, you would open the erupt lineup, then click the on the right bottom of the menu. A) hibernate B) Turn off C) blockade D) Shut down 6. Button A stymie that appears on the right side of the menu when every last(predicate) items are not visible on the menu list is the B) Jump bar C) roll bar D) scroll bar 7. . A) scan bar When you have multiple windows open, you can minimize all only when the active window by . A) dragging the title bar to the top of the windowB) using Rare Flip D C) using Shake D) closing all windows except the active window 8. A Windows 7 feature that allows you to capture screen shots of any object on your screen is the . A) Snipping Tool B) classify Shot Tool C) Print Screen Tool D) Capture Tool 9. The time before the screen saver starts is called the B) watt C) Delay D) Pause 10. Time. A) Start Virtual folders that display the contents of multiple folders as though the files were stored together in one location are B) Libraries C) Archives D) Collections 11. . A) AlbumsAnother name for a leaden drive is USB Flash drive. B) False False 12. Two or more windows can be active at the same time. A) True 13. Shortcuts can exclusively be added to the desktop. 14. You should extract files before sending them as e-mail attachments. A) True 15. You can double-click the of a window to maximize it or to restore it. Title bar 16. When a program is pinned to the 0. 0/8. 0 task 17. Only one click is required to open it. In the Windows Explorer window, Local Disk (C) refers to the computer. 8. 0/8. 0 hard drive on your

Background of the Story Essay

In a much lighter context, Giovannis way tries to intricately explain the reasons asshole men becoming ethereals. The matter, discussed by means of experiential accounts brings the baloney into a to a greater extent emotional birthation of the issue therefrom creating a more attractive environment of under groundworking for the readers to indulge into. Aside from this, the horizontal surface indite by James Baldwin as well aims to reiterate the psychological background of the reasons behind the individual(prenominal)ity changes that argon happening among men and how the military posts in their lives particularly affect their decisions and their familys.The story begins in a narration of the principal(prenominal) lawsuit, David, as he describes Giovannis room. Giovanni is primarily one among the few men whom David had been deeply meand with. The room of Giovanni has been set forth to have been always dark and less(prenominal) lighted. Perhaps signing astir(predicate) the privacy and the intimacy that the room represents, Giovannis room re of imports to be an precedent depiction of the relationships between men that occurred in that specific place in the story. As the story goes on to, Davids character shows a particular amazement in his gender especially with regards his relationships with both men and women.Basing from his background, it could be observed that he has been rather placed in that particular situation especially base from the past experiences that he has been dealing with as he grew to contendds his maturity that both involved the relationship of his m different and his get under ones skin. From the said background, it could be noned that macrocosm a ethereal or being a bisexual, as the story suggests on the main character, could simply be sourced out from having a less guiding father thus convey him more vulnerable to bearing challenges especially with regards gender issues. A Social Connotation of the StoryUNTIL 1861 mankindity was an offense punishable by death in England. In fact, the possibility of imprisonment for homosexual acts was not lifted there until as recently as 1967. M any(prenominal) other westward countries have a similar history. In recent age, however, laws and attitudes have greatly changed. In California, by way of example, a footdidate for San Franciscos office of city manager promised to appoint homosexual to city boards and commissions in proportion to their sh are of the population, estimated at about 15 percent. As a result, homosexuals gave her their support at the polls.Men and women owing(p) in public keep can now be homosexuals quite openly. Many clergymen are self-confessed gays, freely advocating such(prenominal) a way of life. gayness no longer is viewed by many as having the stigma it used to have. It has achieved a degree of respectability. Since the First World War, the authority of the priests and clergy of Christendom has been challenged. People are n o longer willing to accept without question what the churches say. They have demanded greater freedom, especially as far as morality is concerned. Why, past, do plurality be recognize homosexuals?What is behind the ever-increasing surge in their numbers? There is hardly an issue that has been more hotly contested in recent years. The Roman Catholic report mentioned former comments Most young nation appear to pass through and through a phase when the homosexual tendency is dominant hardly the emotional growth can be halted at this stage. Teen-age years are years of stress. Young boys and girls often find it difficult to relate to one another without embarrassment at that clipping of life. So we often see polarizationgroups composed exclusively of boys or of girls.Most are able to make the necessary ad in effect(p)ments and achieve a quietus in sexual life. Sadly, however, there are many pitfalls. Commenting on some of these, the secretary of the Responsible Society in England said We are very unhappy about the strident proselytizing going out to teenagers from militant homosexual campaigners. There is overwhelming evidence in the American Masters and Johnson survey that homosexuality is erudite behavior. High schools and universities are a natural ground for such development. The Little Blue Book passed to Oxford, England, students has this to say Many gays come out (i.e. start being open about being gay) when they are at college or university. Leaving home perhaps for the first time, is often an escape from certain pressure and expectations. furthermore students tend to be more tolerant and open-minded towards homosexuals, at least on a superficial level. Scotlands Glasgow Universitys free guide to gay sex, entitled Gay Scene, offers the following advice If you find that you are sexually attracted to people of the same sex as yourself, the best thing to do is to accept it. iodine incensed parent is reported as saying There are many young students who could be corrupted by this sort of material. In other wordshomosexuality can be pr sluiceted, just as it can be learned. There is one additional aspect of homosexuality that is often pushed into the background. It concerns the incidence of venereal diseases among homosexuals. How serious is this task? VD clinics in England get an unexpectedly high rate of homosexuals. Said one health visitor I sound off thats because they are more promiscuous, making more casual encounters than other people. Bearing out this fact as a worldwide problem, in in the raw York city 55 percent of the cases of infectious syphilis in 1977 occurred among homosexual males. Free-lance medical writer Terry Alan Sandholzer reported Syphilis in gay men has been estimated to account for as high as 50 percent of reported cases in large cities and about a third of the cases nationally. Surely that is a high price to pay for sexual liberation. As homosexuality has come out into the open, so there has been a concerted effort to impart a new image to the practice.The word homosexual, with its accent on sex, has been viewed disapprovingly. Into prominence instead is the term gay. The Concise Oxford Dictionary notes that this word, used in this sense, is a euphemism, a batty word substituted for a harsh or direct one. The same can be said of homophilia and homophile, as sometimes used. If one were going to enter the homosexual world, then it would be wise to face the facts about VD in that world. Certainly, as the story of Giovannis room displays the actual life of homosexual, it could not be denied that such course of life has its consequences.Likely, such course of life, level(p) though sourced out from a primary confusion, it could not be denied that it simply cannot be lived without the counteracting results that such acts brings about to the individual involved in the said situation. A Reflection Based on Other Writings Ralph Waldo Emersons Self Reliance and Khaleid Housinnis Kit e Runner could be well connected to the fond description of the story of Giovannis room. At some point, the authors of the said selections choose to show the gracious connection as a primary source of distress that affects the life of most human individuals.Self-reliance particularly notes how people resort to certain acts so as to survive several challenges in life that they face every now and then. In the same way, the story of the Kite Runner notes the fact that people are indeed in direct receiver of the situations that are happening in the society. The way that they are able to face such issues, whether personal or social, is the reflecting element that usually identifies who they are and what they particularly believe in. (Housinni, 2003, 18)Obviously, such idealism in personal development is derived from a rather psychological perspective that identifies social and personal sociology to be particularly connected with each other. How could this idealism be observed in parti cular? The naturalistic approach in observation could then be further applied. This fundamental research methodology is known to divulge and aid the psychologist in his or her critical analysis of the human behavior and characteristics go in socially acceptable public domain in his or her course of interacting with other individuals in their aspect of addressing their sociological needs.In this aspect of human interaction, psychologist try to significantly analyze the human nature as shown by their actions both involving the verbal and non-verbal communication style and how individuals manifest their motives musical composition adhering to the social set and nicetys pertaining to public communication. Naturalistic observation is commonly an actual observation of subjects mainly while they are in their course of social interaction specifically while they are in the public place.In the course of implementing this method, the researcher must also observe social values and cultural manners thus preventing any offensive act during the observation. In addition, the concept of personal privacy and inappropriate intrusion should also be constantly observed while the researcher is notice the subjects. All of these limitations must be implemented while the researcher observed the subjects in an isolated nature salvageing his or her presence unnoticed and ideally absent to the personal space of the subject during their interaction.(Houssini, 2003, 18) The only aspect to be focused on in this project is the psychological behavior of the subject as manifested by their very intricate details such as gestures, voice, reaction, facial expression and impression and others. If applied within the situation of David in Giovannis room along with the other selections, it could be observed that humans particularly show who they are with the things that they choose to engage in with their daily activities.The people they mingle with also characterizes their personal attributes thus giving a reflection of their past and how they have been particularly molded by the experiences that they have been dealing with at present. Among the most compel relation of the stories towards each other are the death of the supposed partner lover Giovanni and brother Hassan characters who for some reason had the chance of donjon but had to let go to let their counterparts live.Undeniably, the removal of their character within the said stories aim to press on with the possibility of those whom they left to change their ways thus create a much better life for them. However, with either a false or faithful hope that this would happen, the ones that they left to live in truth made it through life with lies and pretentious acts still living within the secrets that they once kept back when they still had both Hassan and Giovanni in their lives.The contemporary life of human individuals has indeed caused a much easier process of concealing what they really are inside. Just to be a ble to secure themselves from all the possible insecurities that the society business leader imply on them, many among men and women today intend to pretend someone who they are not simply to be accepted by others. The fear of being spurned and bemused by those closest to them makes them fearful of the possible things that may happen of they open up to others the reality of their identity as a person. This indeed is an indication of fear due to social norms.If negatively taken, as seen on both stories, this particular aspect of living with the society would only bring one towards the jerky happiness that is brought about by being falsely accepted by the community that one particularly lives in. A Connection with the Kite Runner The unit of measurement theme of the story of The Kite Runner revolved around the lives of two young children who were from different classes of the society. Social preconceived notion of the economic consideration of people has been the main reason why the problem of diversity in Afghanistan has risen as portrayed in the story.This factor indeed contributed so much to the storys complication, which resulted to the criminality driven emotions of the main character ameer, when he was not able to come to the rescue of his friend Hassan. In this story, a clear display of the societys major(ip) problem on prejudice and equality has been shown. Concentrating on the more personally based assessment of the situation as portrayed by Amir, the social problems depicted in the story makes it easier to understand why people take lesser courage in making a change in the present social situation, be guilty later on and then set goals in making a change in a less complex and fearful way.Yes, in a concise display of events, the author tried to help the readers picture out the most most-valuable events of the situation that would likely connect the story with the intense effect of social diversity to individuals in the society. The consequences are shown to be much dreadful enough to keep a person from moving on with his own life, because of the fact that the lack of courage that drives a person to ignore the things that are supposed to be make by him in the first place. Certainly, an home(a) healing is necessary for certain situations such as this.It is normal for a person to feel down from not being able to complete or live up to a certain self-expectation. However, inner healing is not that easy to find. As for the main character of the story, it could be noted that the healing of his scruples mainly came form the fact that he had to come back to Afghanistan to find his find with a plan of making it up to him in any way he could. Although he was not able to do the said task as he has expected things to come along, he was still able to help himself regain his clear conscience through helping the son of his friend Hassan to have a change of life under his care.As it could be noted, the story was plotted to show the dee per individual effects of the social differences among men as well as the effects of war on relationships between people. The existence of such issues has made the characters reflect the actual situation of individuals in the society especially focusing on the Afghanistan society. (Howard, 2003, Internet) One more them of the story, which should be given attention, is the picture of reality portrayed by Amir. His lack of courage in doing things that they know should be done is a problem by many people today.Although they know that something within their power could change several situations in the society, their fear of several elements in the society keeps them from doing any courageous change. This was shown when Amir failed to save his friend Hassan from the hands of the bully, Assef. As a result, his conscience has not made him completely relieved from moving away from Afghanistan ever since. Instead, he was unendingly haunted by the past and the things that he was supposed to do for his friend (Kirszner, 2001, 90).At the same picture, several people today find it difficult to swallow up the past especially the situations that involves them with the things that they were supposed to do and yet they did not have much of the courage that it takes for them to do it. As a way of relieving the pain brought about by the past, people tend to find ways in which they could still change what happened. As for the situation of Amir, he tried to return to Afghanistan to supposedly make it up with Hassan.As it could be noted from the overview of the story, although Amir was not able to make it up to his half brother Hassan, he was able to clear his conscience by taking care of the son of Hassan instead. In the same way, people today find a way to heal their aching hearts through returning back to what has happened in the past and later on try to change things for the people that they were supposed o help originally. This way, their conscience is then clean-cut off f rom the shortcomings that they incurred against others before.As mentioned earlier, people tend to get hurt from many things. Usually, their experiences of several different situations they have been involved with, brings them the discouragement that they ought to feel after not being able to do what they were supposed to. This then brings them several psychological disturbances that keep them from moving on freely with their lives. The fear of doing what they should have done before might have been governed by several factors in the society that kept them from being able to complete their supposed tasks before (Hill, 2000, Internet).Certainly, because of the said elements, doing what is right might not have been that easy. Aside from this, it is quite easier to understand that the situation is harder to deal with when it is happening at the actual time. The lack of time to think things over makes it harder for a person to realize what should be immediately done to solve some things (Coon, 2001, 54,55). This is by nature what happened to Amir upon seeing the bully beat his friend. Along with fear and panic, he was not able to come up with the possible solution that he was supposed to apply during the said situation.People tend to lack courage when they are faced with the actual crisis. However, after some time of thinking things over, they begin to realize that there could have been better results if they did have the courage to do their good responsibilities regarding the situation. What is meant by redemption and healing? Naturally, this means recovery from any possible scourge that has been experienced by one in the past. Being healed, means being able to cure what has been causing one the pain that is felt in an emotional state as for this matter (Coon, 20001, 56).Hence, healing does not only involve mere mind works. It has to involve actions that would help the individual free himself from the guilt that he is feeling from within his conscience. Basing from how the main character tried to resolve his personal issues regarding his past shortcomings against his friend, coming back to the origin of his guilt feelings has helped him realize the possibility for him to clear his conscience from the guilt that has mainly plagued his thoughts for a long time.As for the present situation of the society, to redeem themselves from the psychological and emotional disturbances brought about by the past, people opt to find ways by which they can still change things even though the change may not be done directly to the people they have once failed to help (Coon, 2001, 58). The changes that this certain courageous act by an individual that naturally results to betterment of many or even of a few would then help that individual to regain his clean conscience thus clearing him from all the guilt that has been keeping him from moving on with his life before.Several issues that divide it to several classes govern the society today. Aside from the ra ce, economic status makes it harder for an individual to deal with the society in a fair way. Yes, today, the main reason why people tend to separate themselves from others is the existence of social prejudice. What is prejudice? According to the article entitled, They found the solution to the problem of race Education is the key to ending present condition of prejudice. When this key is missing, prejudice often results. injustice is a prejudgment, a judgment arrived at before persons have really examined the evidence regarding the matter involved. Then, because of their prejudice, they are inclined to discriminate against others. (Awake 1999, 14) Certainly, the social division makes it harder for people to deal with each other in a fair way. In the same way, the governments and the non-government organizations, which are supposed to give answers to the said social issues, have a hard time finding ways by which they would be able solve the disturbances.As a result, they have to dea l with the guilt that they gain from not being able to give answers to the most important issues in the human society. To be able to clear their guilt, they tend to solve the issues after several years when the pressure on the issue is already lessened and the attention of the society towards the issue has already been shifted to other problems (Coon, 2001, 60). Prejudice however remains to be the main reason why people are having a hard time dealing with a divided society.Basing from actual accounts in the society, prejudice is a major problem that makes it harder for people to find peace and security in their own communities. As it has been portrayed in the story of the Kite Runner, the divisive culture of people cannot be easily dealt with. As a result, more roots of social issues arise from the very said social illness. It is a responsibility of everyone else in the society to face the challenge of acting against the effects of prejudice.By being completely free from the thought s of being superior from others should help everyone realize that they have to stand for their fellowmen when they are faced with the oppression of prejudice like that of the situation between Hassan and Amir in the story. For this reason, it would be more possible for people to avoid the guilt of not being able to complete their responsibilities to their fellowmen. Healing and redemption is an essential part of the societys recovery from the effects of social prejudice.Individuals who have been naturally involved in the deeper effects of the said social issues are the ones who are supposed to find ways by which they could be able to handle their inner distress brought about by social inequalities. Changing how the world views not everyone with differences in an unequal manner may be that easy to deal with, but a single persons courage of taking the lead to make a change on how people deal with prejudice is a great step towards a fairer society that does not divide society based on several classes of differences.Conclusion The readings featured within this analysis actually note the social issues that are primarily making up the human population today. Naturally, such particular issues have subjected many into a certain situation that caused them to readjust their thoughts with regards the people that they meet with every now and then in their own communities. Considerably, such situation causes many to be subjected to several pretensions that they need to do, just to keep the reality of their personalities.Understandably though, there are some individuals who suffer deeply from this particular situation, some who are less able to adjust themselves to the living that society actually demands of them. For so many reasons, facing these particular situations require that one be most capable of showing who he really is even in the middle of adversaries. Being strongly attached to ones own personal being and identity actually makes one more fictile to the differen t challenges of human living, This would then allow them of becoming the best person that they can even in the middle of hard situations.This is what is being implanted to the thoughts of the readers through the narration of the stories of Amir and David as well as that of the statements of Ralph Waldo Emerson. These writings actually make it certain that people are directly affected by the situations that they are facing everyday. Undeniably, they are given the chance to react considerably in the process pf change in life. This is actually a matter of change and learning.sometimes though, the learning in this process actually involves other people who are at times subjected into being involved in the lesser state of the relationship among the ones who are facing the dreadful situation of pretension. However, their existence, although lesser is indeed noted of its importance to those whom they shared their lives with.ReferencesRalph Waldo Emerson Self-Reliance (1841). http//www. wsu . edu/wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/emerson. html. (June 30, 2008). James Baldwin. (2000).Giovannis Room. Delta Publications. Khaled Hosseini. (2003). The Kite Runner. Riverhead Books. Austen, Roger (1977). Playing the juicy The Homosexual Novel in America, 1st ed. , Indianapolis The Bobbs-Merrill Company. ISBN 978-067252287X. Guidelines for Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients. http//www. apa. org/practice/glbt. pdf. (July 3, 2008). Why is there war. (2000). Awake Brooklyn New York. They found the solution to the problem of race. (1999). Awake Brooklyn New York. Hill, Amelia. The Observer.(Sunday September 7, 2003). An Afghan hounded by his past. http//books. guardian. co. uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,6121,1036891,00. html. (July 3, 2008). Howard, Edward. The Servant. (August 3, 2003). The New York Times. http//query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9504E0DF123FF930A3575BC0A9659C8B63. (July 3, 2008). Coon, Dennis. (2001). Introduction to Psycholog y Gateways to mind and behavior. Thompson Learning Incorporated. Kirszner, Laurie G. (2001) Litterature reading, reacting and writing. Harcourt College Publishers.

Political Aspects of Lord of the Flies

The Lord of the fly is an allegorical novel by Nobel Prize-winning author William Golding. It was Goldings first novel, and was published in the year 1954. eventide though it was not a grand success at the time selling fewer than 3,000 copies in the United States through bulge out 1955 prior to going out of print it went on to turn out to be a bestseller, and mandatory reading in various schools and colleges. It was adapted to film in 1963 by scratch Brook, and once more in 1990. The title is a reference to Beelzebub from the Hebrew name Baalzvuv , and said to be a synonym for the Devil. Lord of the Flies explores the dark side of humankind, the savagery that lies beneath even the most civilized human beings (Faber School Editions, 1962). Golding planned this novel as a tragic sendup of childrens adventure tales, demonstrating humankinds intrinsic evil nature. The author presents the reader with a chronology of events leading a group of young boys from anticipation to incident a s they try to survive their unsupervised, uncivilized, isolated environment until rescued.In the middle of a nuclear war, a group of British boys discover themselves stranded without adult care on a tropical island. The group is generally divided into the littluns, boys more or less the age of six, and the biguns, who are among the ages of ten and twelve. Primarily, the boys try to form a culture comparable to the one they left behind. They select a leader, Ralph, who, with the advice and support of Piggy considered as the intellectual of the group, made every effort to set up rules for housing and sanitation. Ralph furthermore makes a signal fire the groups first priority, hopeful that a passing ship will see the heap signal and save them. A chief challenge to Ralphs leadership is Jack, who as well wants to lead. Jack orders a group of choirboys-turned-hunters who sacrifice the responsibility of concern the fire so that they can partake in the hunts. Jack draws the other boys gr adually away from Ralphs influence for the reason of their natural attraction to and marrow toward the adventurous hunting activities indicating violence and evil.The conflict between Jack and Ralph, and the said forces of savagery and civilization that they correspond to is exacerbated by the boys literal horror of a fab beast wandering the island (Traister, Rebecca 2005). One night, an aerial battle takes place above the island, and a casualty of the battle floats down with his opened parachute, eventually coming to sleep on the mountaintop. Breezes occasionally inflate the parachute, making the body seem to sit up and then drop forward again. This sight alarms the boys as they mistake the out of work body for the beast they fear. As a result to this panic, Jack forms a splinter group that is ultimately joined by all but a few of the boys. The boys who join Jack are tempted by the protection Jacks ferocity appears to brook, as well as by the prospect of vie the part of savag es putting on camouflaging face paint, hunting, and presenting ritualistic tribal dances. Ultimately, Jacks group in fact slaughters a sow and, as a present to the beast, puts the sows head on a stick.Of all the boys, only the mystic Simon has the guts to discover the real identity of the beast sight on the mountain. Subsequent to witnessing the death of the sow and the gift made of her head to the beast, Simon starts to hallucinate, and the staked sows head turns out to be the Lord of the Flies, reporting to Simon what he has previously suspected The beast is not an animal on the loose but is concealed in each boys psyche. Weakened by his dreadful vision, Simon loses consciousness. Recovering later that evening, he struggles to the mountaintop and discovers that the beast is unspottedly a dead pilot/soldier. Trying to get the news to the other boys, he slips into the tribal frenzy of their dance. Perceiving him as the beast, the boys beat him to death.Soon just three of the older boys, including Piggy, are still in Ralphs camp. Jacks group takes Piggys glasses to begin its cooking fires, leaving Ralph incapable to sustain his signal fire. When Ralph and his small group approach Jacks tribe to ask for the renovation of the glasses, one of Jacks hunters releases a big boulder on Piggy, killing him. The tribe captures the other two biguns prisoners, leaving Ralph on his own.The tribe undertakes a manhunt to look for and kill Ralph, and they begin a fire to smoke him out of one of his hiding places, generating an island-wide forest fire. A passing vessel sees the smoke from the fire, and a British naval officer appears on the beach just in time to save Ralph from definite death at the hands of the schoolboys turned savages.Golding uses many symbolisms in The Lord of the Flies. The whole book is symbolic of the nature of human and order of magnitude generally as the island turns out to be a society metaphorical to society as a whole and the chase at the end o f the book symbolic of the war. A symbol Golding uses all through the book is the conch. It symbolizes berth and order. The person holding the conch had the supremacy, and it formed order and rules since when it was called, everybody had to listen. One more symbol is Piggys glasses. It represents knowledge and insight. While Piggy had them, he was able to provide advice to the group, such as that of the signal fire. It was the glasses that produced the fire. On the other hand, after the glasses are broken, the group loses what insight they had. The war paint is furthermore a symbol. It represented the rejection of society.In a way, when they put on the disguise of war paint, they took off the mask of society and exposed their true inner selves which were savage. Human condition is interpret all the way through the profound characters in the novel. Every one embodies a strong-minded social stereotype which will be later on profoundly explained. This existentialist dissatisfaction is an aspect which darkens human kind similar to other factors such as the type of fear which is dealt throughout the book, being this one of the key causes of chaos. Those parallelisms, being several of them adventured, are valid too revealing two questions which take far beyond this point to what extent is brutality a mere consequence of circumstances or a genuine feature in mankind.Unfortunately anarchy conquers order. This is the outcome for the reason that Golding believed that government is an unproductive way to maintain citizenry together. No matter how logical or reasonable, government will in the long run have to give in to the anarchical demands of the public. This book traces the faults in society to the faults in the human being (Baker, James R. 1970). Golding says that every person has in evil inner nature inadequately covered by society. If the society is taken away, then the inner nature comes out and disorder and lawlessness erupt. Every person has an evil nature a nd is able of committing heinous crimes. In this book, a great deal each person fell to the level of Jacks savagery with the exception of those that were able to notice that evil such as Ralph, Simon, and Piggy. The beast is human. In the start of the book, a littlun told the others that he saw a beast in the jungle opening everyones fears. On the other hand, it turns out that the beast is in fact a parachutist and human, symbolizing that what people should be scared of is not some evil creature, but their own selves and other humans.Baker, James R. The step-down of Lord of the Flies. In South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol. 69, Autumn, (1970).Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York Capricorn Books, G.P. Putnams Sons, (1954).Lord of The Flies, William Golding. Faber School Editions, (1962).Traister, Rebecca, Reading Lord of the Flies, (2005).

Gender Politics and Roles in a Horror Film Essay

Gender political sympathies in wickedness films ar non all that difficult to comprehend mainly because they devise a specific affair for the various sexual practices. That is the sexuality politics argon little to a greater extent than a variety on class occasions in society. In fact, even an individual who has a passing interest in horror films can believe that the heroes and villains be phallic and the victims be predominantly women. This is the third estate, tried and true cliched method of cranking out horror movies on an assembly line basis.There are, of course, some excellent horror films that alter the generic methodology of producing horror films that prescribe to a single minded of opinions of what are the ripe gender designs that are found in horror movies. Often, we see men as the hero and women as either the victim or the hero. In reality, when it comes to gender spots in horror films there really are no differences because these different employments are based on human interpretations deriving from external opinion in the film itself it is the monster that defines the fiber and the monster invariably defines the role of all human disregarding of gender as prey.When it comes to drive in theater/direct to DVD vacates, serious study is often difficult. Films that are cranked out to cash in on a niche market are generally not works of art. Those horror films that do rise to a higher level of art, however, can provide a brilliant insight into the multitude of variances of gender roles that exist. In examining gender roles in horror films, one could sunder the genre into two halves the pre-ALIEN era and the post-ALIEN era. In the era prior to 1979s landmark film ALIEN, the comprehend role of women was that of the unwilling victim who wasGender Roles in Horror Films pageboy 2 menaced by the vampire, werewolf, conventionalized construct et al and subscribeed a hero to save her. This is referred to as a perceived expression b ecause the role of the womanish character was actually very much stronger then that in certain films. (In the more B grade films the role of the victim was a cardboard one lacking in any depth) With the release of ALIEN, a egg-producing(prenominal) character was presented as a strong adversary of the monster. Instead of needing to be saved, the female heroine defeats the monster quite handily. This would become the more common female role in horror movies.Unfortunately, this more active role would be perverted into the last victim stereotype crafted in the slasher films of the 1980s a role that still exists for many female characters to this very day. Of course, not all female gender roles are heroines or victims. The recent release of SAW III brought back the lesser used concept of the female villain. The roughly famous example could be found in 1932s underrated DRACULAS DAUGHTER. dapple the role of the female vampire was effective, there was little interest in continuing to u se females in horror movie heavy roles.The usage of a female in a horror role was limited although it was not without precedent. A female werewolf debuted in lost werewolf film prosaically titled THE WEREWOLF. (Female werewolves would return in such films as SHE WOLF OF LONDON and CRY OF THE WEREWOLF) But, this pcticular role was limited. Further roles of females in the monster role range from the exploitative (THE VAMPIRE LOVERS) to the d giveright silly (FRANKENSTEINS DAUGHTER) to the brilliant (THE EXORCIST) While this particular gender role ofGender Roles in Horror Films Page 3 villainess is limited it is not without precedent and it does occasionally appear. In rare instances, it is done effectively as seen in films such as the aforementioned SAW III and THE DEVILS REJECTS. There are questions that need to be raised in terms of how a womans role vs. a male role in a horror film is devised. While some may look for a profound answer to this the real answer is somewhat mundane . That is to govern, the roles presented in many of these films are simply reflections of common foots.Consider the following assessment In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, enjoy in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male attentiveness projects a fantasy onto the female figure, which is styled accordingly. In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact (Mulvey 203) In other words, the gender roles prevalent in most horror films was simply what the audience had grown accustom to expecting.If the audiences of the 1930s sat down in a dark theater in the 1930s and were treated to a female hero in DRACULA or KING KONG the films would have been radically different in their narrative. Audiences generally expected a common role for men and women in horror films and any departure from these roles may run the lay on the line of being r ejected. Well, they will not be rejected if they are scripted well. In the 1976 KING KONG remake, Jessica Langs dopey dialogue to Kong did change her role from the frightened Fay Wray of the original film, but not in a good way.Screaming at the top of your lungs at the sight of a monstrous anthropoid makes sense. aspect at a gigantic amorous Gender Roles in Horror Films Page 4 ape and saying This isnt going to work out is just outright silly. It simply is not the role people expect in a situation of grave terror. But traditional roles do not always exhibit passivity. In a way, Fay Wrays fear and terror is not so much submission or passivity as much as it is obstinate. She rejects Kong and stands up for herself. Her screams are screams of defiance and such defiance throws Kong off his game plan.As such, her role is really not as passive as one would assume. She does stand up to the creature, but un the akin Jessica Langes obtuse reception Wrays reaction is believable. This is wh at makes her defiance believable. In a way, gender roles in horror films really more blurred than most would initially assume. Consider the following conclusion From its beginning gothic writing entwined culture and economy as well as blurring sexual boundaries and disturbing aesthetic and moral categories. (Botting 135) On the surface, many would be slow to agree with such a statement.After all, what blurring of gender roles are there to be found in a horror film? Prior to ALIEN, the roles of men and women were starkly contrasted. In the post ALIEN world, women pee on a more active role. This is hardly blurring. In fact, the roles are fairly obvious and pronounced. Again, this is what ability appear to be the fact on the surface because on the surface we are looking at the actual action of the characters. The roles of the characters do not change regardless of the decade the film was produced. That is to say, humans whether they are male or female remain victims in horror fil ms.Gender Roles in Horror Films Page 5 That is, Ripley may be active in ALIEN but she is the prey of the alien no different from the role of Fay Wray in KING KONG. Even in 1942s THE WOLFMAN we can see a variant of this. Consider Evelyn Ankers role in the film her character Gwen is far from a gutless female. She is a very independent and strong character. At the films climax, she goes out in the forest by herself looking for her boyfriend even though she knows a werewolf is prowling. Of course, the werewolf attacks her because that is what werewolves do.The werewolf like aliens, vampires and giant monsters only sees humans as prey. The creature often does not see gender roles. The role to the creature is irrelevant beyond seeing humans as victims. Victims are essentially the repressed regardless of their gender role. What is primal Repression? Let us call it the ability of the speaking being always already haunted by the other, to divide, reject and repeat. Without one division, one separation one subject/object having been conventional why? Perhaps because of the maternal anguish, unable to be satisfied within the encompassing symbolic. (Kristeva 12) As such, the gender role of the active male or active/passive female never really changes. The role they play is always reactive to the creature and this makes them perfect for the role of a victim. This may seem like a odd way of looking at the roles because it deviates from the commonality of what we are grown to expect in horror films. This is because Cinema is at once a form of perception and a material perceived, a new way of encountering reality Gender Roles in Horror Films Page 6 and a part of reality thereby discovered for the first time. (Shaviro 40) That is, one of the benefits to enjoying a film is watching how humans are presented. Even in fantastic films such as the horror genre there is a suspect insight into reality present and that particular reality is both(prenominal) the different roles genders play (passive/active) based on human perception and then there is the monsters perception prey. As such, there are different roles and singular roles occurring at the same time. As Barker illustrates If she had been taciturn in the street, Anne-Marie was anything but in the privacy of her own kitchen.Gone was the guarded curiosity, to be replaced by a stream of lively chatter and constant hurrying between a half dozen minor domestic tasks, like a juggler keeping several(prenominal) states spinning at once. (Barker 74) That is, a singular person can play many roles based on varying perceptions. While there are many different types of horror films, all horror films shopping mall on the common theme of predator and prey. While sometimes there may be variants to the role ( a sympathetic monster, a flawed human hero, etc) the end result always returns to the original theme predators seek their prey.Sometimes, the prey is passive and sometimes the prey remains passive. Of cour se, prey can be both male and female and, unfortunately, the gender roles of the prey often follow common stereotypes. However, to the classic monster gender roles are irrelevant to the monster all humans are prey and that trumps gender roles completely. This is not to say that there are no nuances found in the various gender roles. But, as far as the creature is concerned all humans are prey no matter how they act or react through the course of the film.Bibliography Barker, Clive. The Forbidde. In IN THE FLESH TALES OF TERROR. New York Poseidon Press, 1986. 67 108. Botting, F. Candy Gothic. In GOTHIC CAMBRIDGE Boydell & Brewer, 2001. 133 151. Kristeva, Julia. Powers of Horror A Study in Abjection. New York Columbia University Press, 1982. Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure and communicatory cinema. Shaviro, Steven. Film Theory and Visual Fascination. In THE CINEMATIC BODY. Minneapolis University of Minneapolis Press, 1993. 1 65.